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N900 USB networking

Revision as of 09:34, 23 August 2010

This page describes how to enable Networking on the N900 via USB. The first part describes how to configure the N900 as a USB pluggable network device. The second part describes how to configure various platforms to use the Nokia N900 as a network device. This article is based on the Maemo 4.x USB networking article.

You might want to use the N900 as a USB network device to log into your N900 remotely, or to transfer data from your N900 to another computer, in a situation where wifi or bluetooth are not an option. If you wish to connect your N900 to a Linux machine over TCP/IP, the PC connectivity section in the Maemo SDK documentation also contains useful information.

N900 USB network configuration

If you are going to use windows as your host, the configuration needed on your N900 are a little different, so skip directly to the "Starting USB network mode with Windows" Part.

There is a default USB network interface configuration on Nokia N900. In the file /etc/network/interfaces, you should see a section which looks like this:

auto usb0
iface usb0 inet static
       address 192.168.2.15
       netmask 255.255.255.0
       gateway 192.168.2.14

You can also add the following lines to set the default route correctly

      up route del default
      up route add default gw  192.168.2.14

and

      up run-standalone.sh dbus-send --type=method_call --system --dest=com.nokia.icd /com/nokia/icd com.nokia.icd.connect string:DUMMY uint32:0

      down run-standalone.sh dbus-send --system --dest=com.nokia.icd /com/nokia/icd_ui com.nokia.icd_ui.disconnect boolean:true

to properly set/reset the connection manager on connection/disconnection, especially if you have set up a DUMMY network as decribed later.

With this default configuration, the N900 USB interface will have the IP address 192.168.2.15, and the remote end will have the IP address 192.168.2.14. By default, the USB network interface on the N900 is configured. You need to install the package usb-network-modules.

Starting USB network mode

Plug one end of the USB cable on the host and the other end into the N900. The N900 will bring up the mode-selection dialog. Select 'PC Suite mode'.

Open a root shell in X Terminal on the N900 and activate the interface by executing the following:

sudo gainroot
ifup usb0

If all went well, no errors will be displayed. The command 'ifconfig usb0' will give the following output:

Nokia-N900-42-11:~# ifconfig usb0
usb0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr F2:50:8F:04:1D:8B  
          inet addr:192.168.2.15  Bcast:192.168.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1021 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2003 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:86091 (84.0 KiB)  TX bytes:2556598 (2.4 MiB)

You should also be able to ping 192.168.2.15

Nokia-N900-42-11:~# ping 192.168.2.15
PING 192.168.2.15 (192.168.2.15): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.2.15: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.367 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.15: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.214 ms
^C
--- 192.168.2.15 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.214/0.290/0.367 ms

To automatically setup usb0 when entering PC suite mode change the last few lines of /usr/sbin/pcsuite-enable.sh by adding the "ifup usb0" line.

logger "$0: sent SIGUSR1 to syncd"
ifup usb0
exit 0

And, to automatically down your usb0 interface when leaving PC suite mode, add to /usr/sbin/pcsuite-disable.sh

ifdown usb0
exit 0

In fact if you want to use the `Mail to exchange' feature to synchronize mail, calendar or contacts with an exchange server (such as Google mail) the 'PC suite mode' might block the exchange. So do not use it when connected in that mode, instead choose the 'charging only' mode instead. This mode can be achieved by choosing neither of the offers in the above menu. Simply tap above the menu to close it. This 'charging only' mode still gives you the usb0 interface provided that you initialized it once through the 'PC suite mode'.

If you can not ping the outside world (for example: local network works but Google does not), check your routing tables.

/home/user # route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.2.0     *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 usb0
default         192.168.2.14    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 usb0
default         *               0.0.0.0         U     0      0        0 gprs0

If you have a situation like above where the cell network's packets are at a lower default priority, you might have to run the following to fix it:

/home/user # route del default
/home/user # route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.2.0     *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 usb0
default         *               0.0.0.0         U     0      0        0 gprs0
/home/user # ping google.com
PING google.com (74.125.45.103): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 74.125.45.103: seq=0 ttl=51 time=257.081 ms
64 bytes from 74.125.45.103: seq=1 ttl=51 time=236.481 ms
64 bytes from 74.125.45.103: seq=2 ttl=51 time=256.226 ms
^C
--- google.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 236.481/249.929/257.081 ms

If after having fixed the routing table you still are not able to ping the outside world try to add a nameserver to /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 127.0.0.1
# added Google DNS
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

Stopping USB network mode

This is optional. It is not necessary to stop the interface after unplugging the USB cable.

However, to stop the USB interface, unplug the USB cable and execute the following in 'X Terminal'

sudo gainroot
ifdown usb0

Starting USB network mode with Windows

To use the USB network mode alongside with a Windows host, you must use MADDE. MADDE will not work with just changing the configuration in the /etc/network/interfaces file. Different modification are needed:

1. Install MADDE package
2. Add the following lines to /usr/sbin/pcsuite-enable.sh (Do not forget to change the ip address so it matches the one configured on your host's usb port.)

   run-standalone.sh dbus-send --type=method_call --system --dest=com.nokia.icd /com/nokia/icd com.nokia.icd.connect string:DUMMY uint32:0
   route del default
   route add default gw 192.168.2.1
   

   so it looks like this :

   if [ $RC != 0 ]; then
       logger "$0: failed to install g_nokia"
       run-standalone.sh dbus-send --type=method_call --system --dest=com.nokia.icd /com/nokia/icd com.nokia.icd.connect string:DUMMY uint32:0
       route del default
       route add default gw 192.168.2.1
       exit 1
   else
       sleep 2
   fi

3. Add the following lines to /usr/sbin/pcsuite-disable.sh (Don't forget to change the ip...)

    ifdown usb0
    run-standalone.sh dbus-send --system --dest=com.nokia.icd /com/nokia/icd_ui com.nokia.icd_ui.disconnect boolean:true
    route del default netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 192.168.2.1
   

   So it looks like this:

    logger "$0: do nothing to pass USB certs"
    ifdown usb0
    run-standalone.sh dbus-send --system --dest=com.nokia.icd /com/nokia/icd_ui com.nokia.icd_ui.disconnect boolean:true route del default netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 192.168.2.1
    exit 0
   

4. This will cause the dummy network to connect when USB networking is used, right after you press the "PC Suite" button in the popup that comes after connecting the USB cable. This will only work if you got MADDE installed and configured for "Windows network". Also, a route will be added to your host machine, with Windows it is very easy to share connections. You should now have network connectivity to your PC + Internet.
5. Once you disconnect the USB cable, the dummy network will disconnect and the route will be deleted.
6. Add a DNS server of your choice to /etc/resolv.conf, for example:

   nameserver 8.8.8.8
   nameserver 8.8.4.4
   

Fixing the MAC address

By default, the N900 sets a random MAC address for the USB interface every time you reboot. This makes some operating systems (Mac OS X) detect a new device whenever you connect the N900 and ask you to configure the network interface. The solutions is to set a fixed MAC address

sudo gainroot
echo options g_nokia host_addr=00:11:22:33:44:55 > /etc/modprobe.d/g_nokia 

After the next reboot your N900 will always be detected as the same device.

Host USB Network Configuration

The Host configuration is detailed in the Maemo 4.x USB Networking article. Please refer to it for details.

FIXME, there is no usb host mode on n900

Host configuration on Debian Lenny

Create the file in /etc/udev/rules.d/99-nokia-n900.rules and put in the following lines:

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0421", ATTRS{idProduct}=="01c8", ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Nokia", ATTRS{product}=="N900 (PC-Suite Mode)", NAME="n900"
#SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0421", ATTRS{idProduct}=="01c8", ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Nokia", ATTRS{product}=="N900 (PC-Suite Mode)", NAME="n900p"

The second rule is commented out as it is not needed for usb networking. A different approach uses a DEVPATH key:

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.8/net/usb0", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0421", ATTRS{idProduct}=="01c8", ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Nokia", ATTRS{product}=="N900 (PC-Suite Mode)", NAME="n900"
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/net/usbpn0", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0421", ATTRS{idProduct}=="01c8", ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Nokia", ATTRS{product}=="N900 (PC-Suite Mode)", NAME="n900p"

Your DEVPATH may be different though, depending on which USB port is used on the host computer etc, so to make this work reliably you have to use always the same usb port.

You can use

udevadm monitor --kernel

while plugging in the N900 to see what is the correct path.

After adding the udev rules, you have to reload them with:

udevadm control --reload-rules

Then edit /etc/network/interfaces and add:

allow-hotplug n900
auto n900
iface n900 inet static
	address 192.168.2.14
	netmask 255.255.255.0
	up iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -s 192.168.2.15/32 -j MASQUERADE
	up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
        down iptables -D POSTROUTING -t nat -s 192.168.2.15/32 -j MASQUERADE
	down echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Now put your USB cable in the PC and in the N900 and on the host. To check that everything is set up properly you can run:

ifconfig n900

Automatic configuration with Ubuntu 9.10/10.04

Note: this instructions should be fixed/improved:

Create the file in /etc/udev/rules.d/99-nokia-n900.rules and put in the following lines:

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_USB_DRIVER}=="cdc_ether", ENV{ID_MODEL}="N900__PC-Suite_Mode", ENV{ID_VENDOR}=="Nokia", NAME="n900"
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_USB_DRIVER}=="cdc_phonet", ENV{ID_MODEL}="N900__PC-Suite_Mode", ENV{ID_VENDOR}=="Nokia", NAME="n900pn"

Then edit /etc/network/interfaces and add:

auto n900
iface n900 inet static
	address 192.168.2.14
	netmask 255.255.255.0
	up iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -s 192.168.2.15/32 -j MASQUERADE
	up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
        down iptables -D POSTROUTING -t nat -s 192.168.2.15/32 -j MASQUERADE
	down echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

For 9.10 (NOT 10.04) you have to fix /etc/init/network-interface.conf, change the line:

stop on net-device-removed INTERFACE=$INTERFACE

with:

stop on net-device-remove INTERFACE=$INTERFACE

(Note the difference: net-device-removed)

You have to reload udev rules with:

udevadm control --reload-rules

You have to restart NetworkManager so it re-reads the interfaces file (otherwise it'll clobber your network device):

sudo /etc/init.d/network-manager restart

or

sudo service network-manager restart

Now put your USB cable in the PC and in the N900.

If you are unable to autoconnect through the networking applet, you may need to manually bring up the interface:

ifup n900

If all went fine:

• you should see with ifconfig -a two new network interfaces, n900 and n900pn, the first one configured with the proper ip address 192.168.2.15, and should be able to ping the N900.
• the N900 should be able to use the PC internet connection immediately.

Windows

Windows USB networking does not work out of the box, but the old 770 workaround still works. So follow these steps:

1. install the Mad Developer application and start it and press "Manage USB" -> "Load g_either" -> "close".
2. enter the following IP: 192.168.1.30, then press "configure" (this address will be used for the SCP client as well).
3. connect your N900 via USB and select the older "Nokia770 USB Ethernet RNDIS.inf" driver(32bit only) from the USB_networking section or the newer(32 and 64bit) driver.
4. then change the IP, Gateway and DNS of the newly created network connection to 192.168.1.31.
5. when you have finished USB networking, re-enable mass storage mode by pressing: "Manage USB" -> "Load g_nokia" -> "close".

Mac OS X

OS X will detect a new network interface and ask you to configure it. Choose DHCP with manual address and set the IP address to 192.168.2.14

To use the Internet connection of your Mac via USB networking make sure to enable System Preferences -> Sharing -> Internet sharing for the N900 interface Howto

Using USB networking for Maemo applications

By default, standard network applications works well with USB networking, while Maemo-specific applications do not.

Install libicd-network-dummy from Fremantle Nokia-binaries repository or better libicd-network-null from extras-devel, and when USB networking is up pickup "Dummy network" from the connection manager. If the dummy network does not show up in the network manager you could run the following commands in xterm:

gconftool-2 -s -t string /system/osso/connectivity/IAP/DUMMY/type DUMMY
gconftool-2 -s -t string /system/osso/connectivity/IAP/DUMMY/name "Dummy network"

and maybe

gconftool-2 -s -t string /system/osso/connectivity/IAP/DUMMY/autoconnect false

If connect automatically is used with "Any Connection", the phone will also use Dummy Network, which is not good. To prevent this, you need to run the following command :

gconftool -s /system/osso/connectivity/network_type/auto_connect -t list --list-type string "[WLAN_INFRA,GPRS]"

Keep in mind the above command will get overwritten if you change the value via UI. (If you choose any / wifi / gprs, and you will want to go back to "wifi or gprs" you will have to do the CLI thing again.

Then restart icd2:

killall icd2

or reboot the device.